Integumentary System

Integumentary System

After studying this chapter, readers should be able to:

1. Explain the structure of the dermis and epidermis.

2. Describe the normal and pathological colors skin can have.

3. List the functions of the skin.

4. Describe the structure of nails.

5. Discuss the various kinds of glands in the skin and the secretions of each.

6. Explain how the sweat glands play a major role in regulating body temperature.

7. Describe the three most common forms of skin cancer.

8. Describe the location and function of sebaceous and ceruminous glands.

9. Explain the anatomic parts of a hair.

10. Describe the effects of aging on the integumentary system.

Overview

The integumentary system, which consists of the skin (cutaneous membrane) and accessory structures, accounts for approximately 16% of the total body weight of an adult. Its surface area covers from 1.5 to 2 m2. The skin, which is the largest organ of the body in surface area and weight, is continually bombarded by all sorts of environmental components, including attack by microorganisms, radiation from sunlight, and exposure to chemicals. The accessory integu-mentary system structures include hairs, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands. The integumentary system is the first line of defense against the environment. The skin, as well as the deeper hypodermis, has many functions such as protection, excretion, temperature maintenance, melanin production, keratin produc-tion, vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) synthesis, lipid stor-age, and sensory detection.