Adverse drug reactions are a major clinical problem.
IMPORTANCE OF ADVERSE DRUG
REACTIONS
Adverse
drug reactions are a major clinical problem (Bates et al., 1995a,b, 1997; Classen et
al., 1997; Einarson, 1993). A meta-analysis suggested that ADRs were
between the fourth and sixth commonest cause of death in the United States in
1994 (Lazarou, Pomeranz and Corey, 1998). A large prospective study in the
United Kingdom has shown that ADRs were responsible for 6.5% of all hospital
admissions (Pirmohamed et al., 2004).
Adverse drug events are associated with an increased length of stay in
hospi-tal of 2 days and an increased cost of approximately $2500 per patient
(Bates et al., 1997; Classen et al., 1997). ADRs can also have many
other indirect effects (Table 8.1), which in total, highlight the overall
impor-tance of ADRs in modern medicine.
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