Glycogen splitting or lysis occurs when blood glucose levels drop, in a process known as glycogenolysis.
Glycogenolysis
Glycogen splitting or lysis occurs when blood glucose levels
drop, in a process known as glycogenolysis. Glycogen is phosphorylated and cleaved to release
glucose-1-phosphate. This is then converted to glucose-6-phosphate, which is
able to enter the glycolytic pathway. Glucose-6-phosphate can then be oxidized
for energy. The enzyme responsible for all this activity is glycogen phosphorylase. The
glucose-6-phosphate is then trapped in muscle cells (and most other cells)
because it cannot cross cell membranes. Glucose-6-phosphatase
is an enzyme in liver cells and in certain
intestinal and kidney cells, which removes the terminal phosphate to produce
free glucose. Because glucose can easily diffuse into the blood, the liver uses
its stores of glycogen to supply blood sugar for other body organs when there
is a drop in glucose levels. Glycogen from the liver is very important for skeletal
muscles that have been depleted of glycogen reserves.
A person who consumes many
complex car-bohydrates has more glycogen stored in the mus-cles. For sustaining
intense muscle activity, this is a more effective method than consuming high-
protein meals. This is not true for high sugary foods such as candy. Complex carbohydrates are required to
meet increased needs of growing muscles along with extra protein. Complex
carbohydrates function in this manner because they are protein sparing. The
loading of complex carbohydrates before an intense workout causes the muscles
to store more glycogen than usual. A carbohydrate- rich diet, which con-sists
of 75% of energy intake, must be eaten for 3 to 4 days before an intense
physical event, while activ-ity is decreased during this time. The muscles
store approximately twice as much glycogen as normal, meaning the individual
will have more endurance and better performance during his or her planned
physical activity.
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