Adsorbants are finely powdered, inert and insoluble solids capable of binding to their surface (adsorbing) noxious and irritant substances. They are also called protectives because they afford physical protection to the skin or mucosa.
ADSORBANTS AND PROTECTIVES
Adsorbants are finely
powdered, inert and insoluble solids capable of binding to their surface
(adsorbing) noxious and irritant substances. They are also called protectives
because they afford physical protection to the skin or mucosa. Other protectives
form a continuous, adherent and flexible occlusive coating on the skin.
Demulcents and emollients also serve as protectives.
Magnesium/zinc
stearate
They have very smooth surface—prevent friction, and are not
water wettable—can be used on exuding surfaces because they allow evaporation
of water and do not form a crust.
Talc
It is native hydrous
magnesium silicate, which spreads
easily—used in talcum/face powders. Entering raw surfaces, it can form
granulomas—should not be sprinkled on wound or used for surgical gloves.
Calamine
It is native zinc
carbonate tinted pink with ferric oxide.
Calcined calamine is zinc oxide. It has mild astringent and antiseptic action
and is a good soothing and protective agent. Used in calamine lotion along with
zinc oxide and bentonite (native hydrated aluminium silicate) which have
similar properties, as cosmetic, on sunburn, insect bite, urticaria and contact
dermatitis.
CALACREME 5% cream,
CALAMINOL 5% and CALAMYL 10% emulsion, CALAK 15% with zinc oxide 5%, bentonite
3% sodium citrate 0.5%, glycerol 5% (calamine lotion).
Starch
It is used in dusting
powders and for surgical gloves, but
should not be used on exuding surfaces because it absorbs moisture, crusts on
drying and encourages fermentation.
Boric
acid
It is a smooth and
fine powder: has mild antiseptic (see Ch. No. 65), antipruritic and
deodorant actions. It is a common ingredient of prickly heat powders.
Aloe
vera gel
It is a mucilaginous
preparation from the fleshy leaves
of Aloe vera plant with soothing and moisturising
property, widely included in cosmetic and skin care products. Therapeutic
claims in acne, psoriasis and many other conditions have been made.
ALOVIT: Aloe extract
10% + vit E 0.5% cream.
Polyvinyl
polymer
On drying its solution
forms an occlusive pelliclelike
coating on abraded skin. Used as a spray on abrasions and minor cuts, it
protects from dust and exposure.
HEALEX SPRAY: 2.5% +
benzocaine 0.36% as aerosol wound dressing.
Feracrylum
It is a watersoluble
biodegradable polymer which forms
gellike complexes on coming in contact with blood. Applied to fresh abrasions,
it stops oozing of blood and protects the wound by acting as a physical
barrier. A mild antiseptic action is also exerted.
SEPGARD GEL: 1% gel,
to be applied as a thin film on the abrasion/wound.
Dimethicone
(Dimethyl polysiloxane, Simethicone)
It is a silicone
polymer—a viscous, amphiphilic liquid. It
is pharmacologically inert, has water repellent and surface tension reducing
properties (collapses froth). Applied to the skin, it adheres and protects it;
special use— to prevent maceration and excoriation of skin due to soiling with
urine (suprapubic cystostomy). Also used on bedsores, ulcers and burns.
BARRIERSF:
Dimethiocone 15%, vit E 0.18% cream.
Sucralfate
(topical)
This aluminium salt of sulfated sucrose used primarily as peptic
ulcer protective (see p. 636), has
been formulated as a topical gel. Applied on burns, bedsores, diabetic/
radiation/aphthous ulcers, excoriated skin, sores, etc. it adheres and serves to
protect damaged tissue—facilitates healing.
PEPSIGARD LIGHT GEL
10% gel; to be applied on the ulcer 34 times a day.
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